Eating well

Vary Your Diet

Eat a varied, balanced diet rich in nutrients to fuel your body and your brain, and to keep your muscles, bones, and defences strong.

Why it matters

Food that fuels healthy aging

A varied diet gives your body the protein, vitamins, and minerals it needs to keep muscles and bones strong, to support clear thinking, and to help your immune system do its work. Eating well also steadies energy and mood across the day.

The Mediterranean style of eating, built around vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fish, beans, nuts, and olive oil, is among the most studied patterns for living longer and protecting the heart. Appetite and thirst often fade with age, so a little planning helps you get enough, especially protein and fluids.

A friendly reminder: small swaps last longer than big overhauls. Adding one vegetable, choosing a whole grain, or keeping beans and canned fish on hand can shift your week in a healthy direction.

Your self-check

How varied is your diet?

This self-check is the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), validated against heart health and longer life. Answer based on your usual eating.

What you can do

Simple ways to add variety

Add a serving of vegetables

Put one extra vegetable on one plate each day. Frozen and canned count, and they keep well.

Choose whole grains

Swap white bread, rice, or pasta for whole-grain versions to add fibre and nutrients.

Reach for fish and beans

Aim for fish twice a week, and add beans or lentils to soups, salads, and stews for protein and fibre.

Keep nuts and healthy oils

A small handful of unsalted nuts makes an easy snack, and olive oil is a good everyday cooking fat.

Get enough protein and water

Include a protein food at most meals, and sip fluids through the day, since thirst signals weaken with age.

The evidence

What the research shows

A varied diet lowers the risk of frailty

A review and analysis of dietary patterns found that eating in a varied, Mediterranean-style way was associated with a lower risk of becoming frail. Enough protein, along with vitamin D and calcium, helps preserve muscle and bone as you age.

Rashidi Pour Fard, N., Amirabdollahian, F., & Haghighatdoost, F. (2019). Dietary patterns and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews.

The Mediterranean diet protects the heart

In a large trial, people assigned to a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil or nuts had fewer heart attacks and strokes than those on a lower-fat diet. The pattern is consistently linked with better heart health and a longer life.

Estruch, R., et al. (2018). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet (PREDIMED). New England Journal of Medicine.

A higher diet score is linked with a longer life

A meta-analysis that combined many studies found that each 2-point rise in a Mediterranean-diet score was associated with about a 9 percent lower risk of death, along with lower risks of heart disease and some cancers.

Sofi, F., Cesari, F., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., & Casini, A. (2008). Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis. BMJ.

Where to get help

Trusted nutrition guidance